Authorship Policy

The Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management (SJBEM) follows international standards for ethical authorship and contribution transparency. Authorship implies accountability for the integrity of the entire work and should accurately reflect individuals who made substantial contributions to the study.

Authorship Credit

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to:

  • The conception, design, or execution of the study,
  • The acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, and
  • The drafting or critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.

The corresponding author is responsible for:

  • Ensuring that all listed co-authors meet the authorship criteria,
  • Securing approval from all co-authors for the final version of the manuscript, and
  • Confirming that all co-authors agree to its submission and publication.

Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be recognized in the Acknowledgments section.

Changes in Authorship

Authors must provide the final author list at the time of submission. Any request for changes (addition, removal, or reordering of authors) after submission or acceptance must be formally approved by the Editor-in-Chief.

To request a change, the corresponding author must submit:

  1. A written explanation detailing the reason for the change, and
  2. A signed or emailed confirmation from all authors, including the individual being added or removed, indicating their consent.

Requests for changes after acceptance will be considered only under exceptional circumstances. The editorial process will be paused until the issue is resolved. Once an article is published online, authorship changes cannot be made.

Order of Authors

The order of authors should reflect each individual’s contribution to the work and must be mutually agreed upon by all authors before submission. Disputes regarding authorship order must be resolved internally among the authors prior to submission.

Guest and Ghost Authorship

Guest authorship (listing individuals who did not make a significant contribution) and ghost authorship (excluding individuals who made substantial contributions) are strictly prohibited.

SJBEM adheres to COPE’s guidelines on authorship integrity. Only individuals who have made meaningful intellectual contributions should be listed as authors.

Anonymous Authorship

Authorship must be transparent and accountable. Publishing under pseudonyms or anonymously is not allowed. In extremely rare cases, where disclosure of the author’s identity poses a credible risk (such as threats to safety or employment), the Editor-in-Chief may approve anonymity after careful consideration.

Acknowledgments

The Acknowledgments section should include individuals or organizations that contributed to the research in meaningful but non-authorial ways, such as providing technical assistance, financial support, administrative help, or language editing.

Contributor Transparency

SJBEM encourages clear documentation of each author’s contribution (e.g., conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, writing, supervision). Authors may optionally follow the CRediT taxonomy (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) for greater transparency.

Duplicate Submission and Publication

Manuscripts submitted to SJBEM must be original and not under review elsewhere. Submitting the same or substantially similar work to multiple journals constitutes duplicate submission and will lead to rejection.

If authors reuse content from their previously published work (such as figures, tables, or data), they must:

  • Cite the original source, and
  • Clearly explain how the new submission adds distinct scholarly value.

Citation Integrity

SJBEM takes a strong stance against citation manipulation. Manuscripts that include references intended to inappropriately increase citations of particular authors, institutions, or journals will be rejected.

Citations should be included solely based on their academic relevance and contribution to the work.

Authorship Declaration

At the time of submission, all authors can submit an Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, confirming their roles, contributions, and consent for publication. This form must be uploaded along with the manuscript.